Special Markup and Internationalisation Characters

The following table contains the character entities defined in HTML 4.0 and XHTML 1.0 which are used to perform special markup and internationalisation tasks.  The table identifies each character, its decimal code, its named entity reference for HTML and also a brief description (including the ISO 10646 character number in hex, e.g. U0192).

Useful entities include:

• alternative representations for characters used in HTML coding - e.g. quotation marks, ampersands and less than and greater than signs (", &, <, >).
• em and en dashes - which can be used instead of the normal hyphen (—). 
• the euro symbol (€).
• alternative representations for entities numbered 128-159 - these are displayed with Windows character encodings but are not defined in HTML 4.0 and will not be displayed on all systems (Œ, œ, Š, š, Ÿ, †, ‡, ‰, “, ”).